Developing a circular economy is usually justified by the concern for economizing and recycling raw materials with the goal of warding off the risk of exhausting them. A broader view sees the circular economy as a generalization of systems of production and consumption that are gradually based on natural systems of regulation (the climate, biodiversity, water cycle, etc.). The economic leverage for the emergence of a circular economy involves setting a price on damage to the environment. In France, this leverage could be made much more efficient through the taxation of wastes.