Abstract

The digital revolution has just started. The speed and mobility of advances in this young field have already modified the usual relations between public research and industry. Cooperation is essential, especially between these two stakeholders. As major players in this research, manufacturers and big industrial holdings support cooperation, which has taken on new forms and raises new issues. Open innovation, accelerated product development cycles and ongoing changes and adaptations as well as their rapid adoption by users are factors pushing growth and change. Owing to its speed, changes — sometimes violent (globalization and exacerbated competition, for example) — bring pressure to bear on research and innovation.