CONTENTS

LEADERS CRITICAL SITUATIONS
PROLOGUE .................................................... 9
The installation file
Acknowledgments ..................................................................................... 11
· Academies and Associations ................................................................ 11
· Centers and research institutions ...................................................... 11
· Institute of Business Administration ........................................ 12
· University ..................................................................................... 12
The installation file
Standards, critical incidents, and responsible regulations ....................... 13
Frederick Winslow TAYLORS should he quietly a comeback?
Franck BOURNOIS and Christian BOURION
· At the Guest Editoring ......................................................... 13
· At the methodological level ............................................................ 14
· At level results ................................................................... 14
· Presentation of the work of authors .............................................. 15
Editorial
Relax standards ................................................................................ 17
The lever of the harmonization
Marc BONNET
· A product of disparate social and economic history ................... 17
· A research theme emerging .................................................. 18
· The seminars .................................................................................. 19
· Research Thematic tetra Standards ......................... 20
Editorial
Dealing with critical incident .......................................................... 21
The lever on the ability heuristic
Allain JOLY
Editorial
Supporting managers ...................................................................... 33
The lever of confidence
Christian BOURION
· Two illustrations .......................................................................... 34
· Standards and deviations from standards .......................................... 36
· The criticality near .............................................................. 37
· The control heuristic officials .................................. 45
· The regulation by the normalization .................................................. 51
· The officials between standardization and heuristic ......................... 54
· The local official, final loop to catch up ............ 56
· In conclusion ............................................................................... 56
Prior research
Review of the literature on critical incidents ................................... 59
Franck BOURNOIS and Christian  BOURION
CHAPTER 1. EXAMPLES OF EMERGENCY........ 67
Officials, in situations of low criticality ................................... 67
1. Back on the experience gained as a trainee participant
Deal with critical incidents daily .................................................. 67
Isabelle, manager in a municipal campground
2. Back on experience as a professional participant
Deviations from the standards ......................................................... 71
Charles, an engineer at a plant in valley
Officials, in situations of high criticality ...................................... 79
3. Back on experience as a professional participant
Faced with bankruptcy ............................................................................ 79
Brigitte, executive secretary in an SME
4. Back on experience as a professional participant
Faces Alcoholism ................................................................................. 83
Catherine, responsible for close to a large public service
5. Back on experience as a professional participant
Faced with a suicide attempt ............................................................... 84
Chantal, responsible for close to a multinational
6. Return on experience
Faced with the robbers ................................................................................. 90
Marie-Claude Schneider, director of vehicle rental agency
An official, face to the mindset of a financial .................... 99
7. Back on experience as a professional participant
Faced with indebted people .......................................................... 99
Christine, a financial analyst in a brokerage firm
Officials, faced with the transgressions of Cupid .................................. 103
8. Back on experience as a professional participant
Faced with the promotion sofa .................................................................. 103
Sandrine, commercial SME
9. Back on the experience of participating as an observer
Faced with a "couple" of leaders ....................................................... 106
Therese, host to summer camp and sentinel citizen
CHAPTER 2: EX-ANTE, how to detect
THE CRITICALITY OF A SITUATION? ................................................. 111
Scoping study
The acceptability of weak signals detected by the human receptor .... 113
Essential safety systems
Amber BRIZON & Audrey AUBOYER
· The weak signals, one issue issuance ............................. 117
· The weak signals, an issue receiving ........................... 120
· The acceptability ............................................................................ 122
· The safety culture ........................................................... 124
· Research: feedback questionnaire against ............. 126
· Conclusion ................................................................................. 128
· References ............................................................................ 129
Exploration of a concept
The four key intelligence .......................................... 131
Early detection of weak signals that carry a threat to French companies
François ASSELINEAU
Accumulate · Information .................................................... 133
· Analyze Information ........................................................ 134
Look-ahead events .......................................................... 139
· Act ........................................................................................... 140
· Conclusion ................................................ ................................... 142
Feedback of a prefect of the Republic on the decision of emergency limited resources
Predict and avoid what could go wrong ...................................... 143
The example of the disaster Furiani
Jacques SANS
· The questioning personal .................................................... 145
· The need for decision ............................................................... 146
· The ethical dimension of decision making .............................. 148
· What references for decision and action? ......................... 149
· Conclusion ..................................................................... 151
CHAPTER 3: EX POST CONTROL HOW
The criticality of a situation? ........................................ 157
Exploring a model based on implicit knowledge of the work of firefighters,
acquired as a professional participant
CRASH model ................................................................................ 159
The intervention of proximity in the context of calamities and disasters.
The fire New Year's Eve 1994, the hotel Switel (Antwerp, Belgium)
Erik EVENING
· Considering introductory .................................................... 159
· The reactions to traumatic events ............................. 162
· Calamities and disasters, a puzzle of 1000 pieces ................. 175
· Response Community in the model ................. 192 CRASH
· Conclusion ............................................................................. 196
· Literature consulted ........................................................... 197
Feedback on a doctor's decision Colonel emergency limited resources
Nearby choose between life and death in an emergency context..................199
The example of the entrenched camp of Dien Bien Phu
† Jacques ISSUED
· In exceptional circumstances ...................................................... 200
· Getting raises the crucial question of ethics ............................ 200
· Conclusion ................................................................................. 204
· References ............................................................................ 204
· Sitography ................................................................................ 205
Exploratory study of the internal environment officer made as a professional participant
Burnout or wear due to the permanent regulation of critical events ....................... 207
The example of the police community
Michel Oligny
· State of the art ..................................................................... 209
· Our implicit knowledge of the mechanism of burnout as a professional participant ...................... 211
· The typical profile of the officer vulnerable to burnout ......................... 213
· The post-traumatic stress .............................................. 222
· Setting application: a proposal for a fact sheet ........... 223
· In conclusion .................................................................... 227
· References ............................................................... 227
Scoping study
Standing face to face with extreme ........................... 229
An example of an emergency department at night
Virginia MOISSON, Olivier ROQUES, Jean-Marie PERETTI
· Review of the literature ............................................................. 230
· Method ............................................................................... 234
· Results ................................................................... 235
· Conclusion ............................................................. 242
· References ................................................................... 243
Exploration of tacit knowledge acquired as a professional participant
Psychosocial support after a critical incident versus accident ... 245
The example of expatriates.
Evelyne JOSSE
· The support of the mission to those affected ....................... 247
· The regular meetings of the teams in the field ....................... 249
· The seat support to the team assigned ....................................... 249
· References ................................................ ............................... 252
· Sitography ................................................ .................................. 254
· Books of the author ............................................ ....................... 256
View based
The psychological debriefing is it dangerous? .................................... 257
Erik DE SOIR
· Terminology, definition and concept-oriented thinking disorder ............... 258
· The management of emergency is never a standardized process ......................... 260
· The Psychological Debriefing or Critical Incident Stress
Debriefing is not always recommended as first-line help ................... 262
· Conclusion ................................................ ................................... 264
· References and work of the author on the subject .......................... 265
CHAPTER 4. REPORTING, MANAGEMENT AND STANDARDS OF RESULTS ........................ 267
Scoping study
The Tetranormalization and performance management ...................................... 269
If LVMH
Nader MANSOURI, Bernard FUSTIER, Jean Marie PERETTI
· The Tetranormalization poorly integrated: a new a form of incentive performance management ................................ 271
· Study exploratory case of LVMH ........................................... 276
· Conclusion .......................................................................... 283
· References ..........................