Abstract

As recent reports have shown, France is weak in terms of innovation and economic growth. For a dozen years now, several programs have supported innovation in hope of stimulating the economy. However they have not actually been a success in making up for these weaknesses. What public policies can boost innovation and make the economy thrive in the coming years? We must fall back on the key factors that economists specialized on these questions have identified as forces shaping the ecosystem of innovation: cooperation between universities and firms, new products and a reinvigoration of companies. As it turns out, a literal public policy shock is needed to achieve this.